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Telephone services, once
offered to the public, became fuel for competitive business operations
almost instantaneously. Companies offered phone calls initially on a
pay-per-call basis or for no charge beyond the installation and
maintenance of the phone altogether. At the onset of the telephone's
integration into society, many phones were placed in common meeting places
or businesses where the townspeople could reach them during working hours.
Progressing beyond shared phones to individual units at each residence
brought with it the implication of different services for different needs.
Phone companies began laying or hanging phones lines in an effort to
expand their market and obtain as many customers as possible with their
service. The competing companies brought lower prices through marketing
initiatives and bidding wars began over advertising.
Telephone service remained the domain of a select few providers up to the
proliferation of the internet and cellular phones. At a cost-per-call
measurement, phone calls have become cheaper at a higher rate over the
last twenty years than at any time since the phone's invention. Cell
phones skew the earnings in a unique manner by bridging the gap between
local and long distance service. Local calls represented the majority of a
telephone's usage and therefore were offered at a lower rate than the more
expensive long distance service.
Cellular phones generally offer long distance calls at the same cost as
local calls with contracts that base cost on number of minutes rather than
distance of call. The cost of a phone call is sure to be further reduced
with the evolution of internet phone service. In addition to lowering the
cost of telephone service, internet phone capabilities blur the lines
between the traditional transmissions on which phones were developed and
the satellite based communications of the wireless world wide web.
The greatest change in cost of a phone call took place as phone services
evolved from paying per call or distance to blocks of minutes available
for usage anywhere in the world. Many times companies will still institue
a higher rate for international calls. The market for international
callers is aided by the usage of phone cards. Similar to a credit or debit
card, a phone card has a limit in minutes or dollar amount. These cards
can be refilled or replaced, depending on the vendor's policy and options.
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